Gambling revenue in Minnesota, segment two introduction
Minimum Gambling Age Minimum Legal Age to Place a Bet Minimum Gambling Age ยฉ Copyright April 27, 2001, all rights reserved worldwide.
Gambling and the Lawยฎ is a registered trademark of Professor I.
Nelson Rose, Whittier Law School, Costa Mesa, California.
This list of states, provinces, and countries illustrate the tremendous variations found in the way the law treats issues involving the minimum age to place a legal wager, particularly in the United States.
Until the mid-1960s, American society conventionally viewed 21 as the most appropriate age for full adult status, as reflected in most state and federal laws.
The Vietnam War brought the age of majority status into the spotlight.
Eighteen-year-olds were sent off to kill or be killed, but they could not vote.
The result was the 26th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which lowered the voting age to 18 for all elected positions, federal and state.
After the 26th Amendment was ratified in 1971, it seemed logical to change all minimum age limits to 18.
The explosion of legal gambling, which the author has labeled "The Third Wave," occurred during this period.
State Lotteries, almost all of which were created between 1971 and the present, put the minimum age at 18.
Most legal minimum ages are still at 18.
But, there has been one significant exception: In every state in America, the drinking age has been raised from 18 to 21.
Because casino gaming is usually associated with the availability of alcoholic beverages, most states put the minimum age for gambling in a casino at 21.
Casino-style games, including slot machines, are also the most dangerous forms of gambling.
Interestingly, in other countries, the trend is exactly the opposite.
In France, the minimum age was 21, until 1987, when parliament lowered it to 18.
Similarly, in 1969 the government of the Bahamas set the minimum age for gambling at 21, but the minimum is now 18.
Twelve of the 16 states Lรคnder in Germany have also lowered the age for casino gambling from 21 to 18.
Portugal has different rules for tourists and locals: Casinos are open to foreigners over 18, but citizens of Portugal may not enter Portuguese casinos unless they are over 21, and some casinos restrict local play to residents over 25.
Countries outside the United States seem to be more internally consistent: They usually have one minimum age that applies throughout that nation; the legal consequences when an underage minor is involved in otherwise legal gambling do not vary from one province to another; and, the same minimum age applies to different forms of legal gambling.
Lawmakers in other nations also have concluded that maturity is reached at a younger age.
For example, in Canada, casinos are open to 18 and 19 year-olds; while in the U.
Similarly, in England anyone over 16 may buy a lottery ticket; in America, the minimum age for lotteries is never less than 18, and a dealer who knowingly sells a ticket to a 16 year-old faces loss of his license and a criminal fine.
Historically, outside the mainland United States, casinos were restricted to resorts and spas, far from major population centers, and play was limited to foreigners, especially foreign tourists.
The idea was to import the money and export the social problems.
Restrictions on locals gambling can still be found throughout the world.
In Puerto Rico, for example, it is against the law for local licensed casinos to advertise to the local population; this restriction was upheld by the United States Supreme Court, even though no such similar restrictions were placed on any other form of the Commonwealth's extensive legal gambling.
Casinos which are limited to foreigners will still have minimum age limits, to preserve the adult atmosphere and to protect foreign children and avoid bad press.
For example, the law in Nepal sports point spread restricts casino gambling to foreign visitors 21 years of age and older.
Antigua and Barbuda: Minors younger than 18 are not allowed where casino gaming is taking place; casino employees must be at least 21.
Aruba: No one under 18 years old is allowed in casinos.
The Bahamas: The Lotteries and Gaming Act of 1969 required players to this web page at least 21, but the minimum age has been lowered to 18.
Belgium: Casinos are technically "private clubs," limited to "members" at least 21 years old.
Bulgaria: Casinos opened in 1967, limited visitors from noncommunist bloc countries.
Since 1990, casinos have been open to anyone over 18 years old.
British Columbia, Canada: Casinos, 19 in pro sports old; Bingo: minimum age is set by bingo licensee.
Denmark: Casino guest must be at least 18 years old.
France: Parliament lowered the minimum gaming age for casinos from 21 to 18 on May 5, 1987.
Germany: The national government under Hitler passed laws in 1933 and 1938, prohibiting gaming by minors under 21.
This age limit remained until the 1980s.
Today, state Lรคnder governments set their own age limits, and there has been a trend toward lowering the minimum gambling age.
In fact 12 of 16 states in the united federal republic have lowered the minimum from 21 to 18.
Great Britain: Casinos are technically membership clubs and no-one under 18 may join.
Greece: An unusual age restriction: individuals must be at least 23 years old to enter a casino.
New South Wales, Australia: "A person under the age of 18 years cannot place a bet in any form of gaming and betting, except in sweepstakes and calcuttas where persons between the ages of 16 and 18 years can participate.
Nova Scotia, Canada: "No person under the age of 19 years afl players gambling participate in gaming.
Portugal: A unique system: Casinos are open to foreigner over 18 years old, but Portuguese nationals are barred unless they are over 21 and in some casinos over 25.
Quebec, Canada: No one under 18 years old may enter a casino.
It is against the law to sell a lottery ticket to anyone under 18.
Queensland, Australia: "Persons under the age of 18 years are not permitted in the casino.
Casinos, on their own, have imposed a policy of not allowing minors on the main casino areas, though they may, if accompanied by an adult, be in other gaming areas.
Victoria, Australia: Individuals under 18 years old may not enter casinos.
New York 18 18 18 None North Carolina 18 18 ยฎ 21 None?
South Dakota 18 18 21?
A question mark "?
A number with a question mark means there is a state limit, but it is unclear whether it applies.
This is usually the case with Indian gaming, where tribes are often free to set their own limits.
An arrow 18 ยฎ 21 indicates the minimum age is in the process of being raised from 18 to 21.
State-by-State Analysis of Gambling Laws ALABAMA An adult who bets with a minor commits a misdemeanor.
See, Commentary to Alabama Code ยงยง13A-12-21 and โ22 "Commentary"discussing former ยง13-7-25; see also ยง15-8-150 for pleading.
According to the Commentary section entitled "Relationship to Existing Law," the Criminal Code was amended 30 years ago to leave "such subjects as adults gambling with minors to other controls such as the juvenile laws.
Parimutuel betting: Alabama Code ยง11-65-44 sets the minimum age as 19 throughout the state.
Previously, the minimum age for betting at horse and greyhound racetracks was 18 in some counties, 19 in others: Greene and Mobile โ 18, Birmingham and Macon โ 19.
Association of Racing Commissioners International, Inc.
Bingo: Nonprofit organizations can run bingo games for charitable or educational purposes.
The state has separate statutes for various counties and at least one city.
All set the minimum playing age as well as the minimum age for conducting or assisting bingo at 19; however, there is no age limit for children accompanied by their parents.
Slot machines: Alaska Statutes ยง43.
Bingo and pull-tabs: State statutes set the minimum age for bingo at 19, but the age for pull-tabs was raised from 19 to 21 on June 26, 1993.
ARIZONA Arizona is the only state attempting to implement a comprehensive plan for dealing with the minimum age for gambling.
On March 14, 2000, House Bill 2131 "H.
Lottery: It is a misdemeanor to sell a lottery ticket to anyone under 18 raised to 21 on June 1, 2003.
Arizona Revised Statute ยง5-515; H.
Before the passage of H.
Casinos: Charities can operate casino nights.
The state has entered into compacts with many tribes, authorizing the operation of slot machines and nonbanked, revolving deal, card games, primarily poker.
The minimum age for Indian casinos in Arizona is 18 as of the date this is written.
However, the compacts begin expiring in 2003, so the Governor is negotiating to raise the gambling age to 21 in all tribal casinos, pursuant to the mandate of the State Legislature that all "tribal-state gaming compacts shall prohibit persons under twenty-one years of age from wagering on gaming activities.
Bingo: At present, there is no statutory minimum age; however, the Bingo Section of the Department of Revenue has issued this rule: "No bingo card shall be not laws on gambling uk matchless or bingo prize awarded to any person under 18 years of age.
Like every other form of gambling, the minimum age will be 21 beginning on June 1, 2003, pursuant to H.
The dog-racing counterpart prohibits employing a minor or allowing "any minor to be a patron at the racetrack.
Arkansas Statutes ยงยง23-110-405 and 23-111-308.
CALIFORNIA Lottery: California has a complete set of restrictions, typical of the state lotteries that have addressed youth gambling: a No tickets or shares in Lottery Games shall be sold to persons under the age of 18 years.
Any person who knowingly sells a ticket or share in a Lottery Game to a person under the age of 18 years is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Any person under the age of 18 years who buys a ticket click the following article share in legal age of gambling in minnesota Lottery is guilty of a misdemeanor.
In the case of Lottery tickets or shares sold by Lottery Game Retailers or their employees, these persons shall establish safeguards to assure that the sales are not made to persons under the age of 18 years.
In the case of the dispensing of tickets or shares by vending machines or other devices, the Commission shall establish safeguards to help assure that the vending machines or devices are not operated by persons under the age of 18 years.
All tickets or shares in Lottery Games shall include, and any devices which dispense tickets or shares in Lottery Games shall have posted in a conspicuous place thereupon, a notice which declares that state law prohibits the selling of a Lottery ticket or share to, and the payment of any prize to, a person under the age of 18 years.
California Government Code ยง8880.
Parimutuel betting: The age limit of 18 for horse races was established by regulations of the Racing Control Board, not by the legislature in a statute.
Casinos: On March 7, 2000, voters approved Proposition 1A, amending the State Constitution, to allow federally recognized Indian tribes to have a monopoly on full casinos banking card games, like blackjack, and all forms of slot machines.
Patrons have to be over 21 only if alcohol is served at the gaming tables and slot machines.
Tribes are free to place higher age limits on its patrons and employees, and can change the age limits whenever they wish.
California law also allows cities and counties the local option of licensing gaming clubs, limited to nonbanked table games, without slot machines.
There are more than 300 gaming clubs operating throughout the state; most age limits appear to be 21.
Bingo: Minors currently those under age 18 are not allowed to participate in bingo games.
California Penal Code ยง326.
COLORADO Lottery: Colorado Revised Statute ยง24-35-214 makes it illegal to sell a lottery ticket to anyone under 18 or for any person under 18 to purchase a ticket.
However, it permits the receipt of a lottery ticket given as a gift to a person under 18.
The difference can be significant: "Any prize won by a person under 18 years of age who purchased a winning ticket in violation of section 24-35-214 1 c shall be forfeited.
Colorado has also signed compacts with two Indian tribes.
The age limit for casinos is 21: minors can pass through the casino but not place wagers, collect or share winnings, or even "sit on a chair or be present" at a gaming table or slot machine.
Both the minor and the casino would be committing misdemeanors.
If the child is under 18, the adult can also be prosecuted for contributing to the delinquency of a minor.
Employees may be under 21.
Bingo and pull-tabs: State law prohibits anyone under 18 from playing bingo or buying pull-tabs.
However, it also allows anyone 14 or older to "assist in the conduct of bingo or pull- tabs.
Tribally owned Foxwoods is probably the largest casino in the world.
Lottery: Games football is weekly gambling fantasy limited to players over 18.
Any person who violates the provisions of this subsection shall be guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
A minor may receive a lottery ticket as a gift.
As with many gambling enabling statutes, Connecticut requires the regulators of its State Lottery to "adopt regulations ยผ which shall include ยผ limitations on advertising and marketing content to assure public information as to the odds of winning the lottery and the prohibition of sales of tickets to minors.
Parimutuel betting: Connecticut allows betting https://chicago-lawyer.info/gambling/problem-gambling-services.html jai alai, as well as on racing.
Connecticut not only bars anyone under 18 from betting, but also prohibits "the presence of any minor under the age of 18 being present in any room, office, building or establishment when off-track betting takes place.
Casinos: Charity "Las Vegas Nights" are limited to patrons over 18.
Connecticut General Statute ยง186a.
The state prohibits anyone under 16 from even being present in a room where gambling is taking place.
Connecticut has signed compacts with two Indian tribes, and more are seeking federal recognition.
The Mashantucket Pequot Tribe apparently felt that 18 was too young, and put its age limit at 21.
Bingo and pull-tabs: In its "Sealed tickets" statute, Connecticut prohibits the sale to any person less than 18 years of age.
DELAWARE Lottery: Delaware has one of the strongest set of restrictions of any State Lottery: It locked its 18-year-old age limit into the state constitution.
However, state statutes, while prohibiting the sale of lottery tickets to persons under 18, expressly allow the purchase of a ticket for the purpose of making a gift by a person 18 years of age or older to a person less than that age.
Parimutuel betting and slot machines: While racetracks appear to put the limit at age 18, the state recently amended its laws to allow video lottery machines in racetracks, with an age limit of 21.
Bingo: A person has to be 18 or over to participate in any charitable gambling, the prize for which is money; yet anyone over 16 may participate in bingo and other charitable games.
This must limit 16-year-olds and 17-year-olds to games where prizes are merchandise.
Casinos and slots: The State Lottery has VLTs at racetracks; age limit is 21.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Lottery: Limited to players over 18, but the Lottery will pay minors who win prizes.
Casinos and bingo: Charities in the District of Columbia can run "Monte Carlo Night Parties" as well as bingo.
click at this page minimum age to participate as well to be present is 18, but minors under 18 may be present if accompanied by an adult.
Lottery: Minors under age 18 are prohibited from purchasing lottery tickets.
Parimutuel betting: Florida has not only dog and horse tracks, but also jai alai.
State statutes prohibit wagering by a person under the age of 18 but permit admittance gambling law review the minor is accompanied by a parent or legal guardian.
Bingo: State law prevents anyone under 18 from being allowed please click for source play any bingo game or be involved in the conduct of a bingo game in any way.
Casinos and slots: Age limits at tribal casinos and cruises to nowhere casino games opened in gambling facts addiction uk about waters, three miles out in the Atlantic, 12 miles in the Gulf of Mexicoare up to the operators.
GEORGIA The state legislature has enacted a unique law creating civil liability along with the more common criminal punishments.
Lottery: State statutes not only prohibit anyone under 18 from buying lottery tickets but also require conspicuous labels, prohibiting minors from using any electronic or mechanical devices related to the lottery.
Bingo: State law allows a person under 18 to play bingo if accompanied by an adult.
HAWAII Hawaii, Tennesse and Utah are the only states that have not legalized some form of commercial gambling.
Hawaii, like many other states, does allow "social gambling" -- the minimum age is 18.
Hawaii Revised Statute ยง712-1231.
The Legislature has been considering allowing casino gambling, either in selected areas or on cruise ships.
Lottery" was discontinued after adverse court decisions.
Lottery: Idaho Code ยง67-7413 prohibits the knowing sale of tickets to anyone under 18.
Parimutuel betting: Minors are prohibited from using the parimutuel system.
Therefore, children under 18 may play bingo for money for smaller prizes.
Casinos and slots: Age limits at tribal casinos not known.
Other tribes are protesting, because they did legal age of gambling in minnesota agree to this test case.
ILLINOIS Illinois is unique in defining a minor at least under the horse-racing statutes as "any individual under the age of 17 years.
The state also makes a distinction between casino gambling run by charities -- age 18 -- and casino gambling run for profit on riverboats -- age 21.
Lottery: In 1997 the State Legislature made it more difficult for anyone under 18 to play the State Lottery.
It repealed a statute which had allowed adults to malaysia gambling age tickets as gifts for children, and added a provision forbidding payment of prizes to minors under 18.
Selling a ticket to anyone under the age of 18 is a Class B misdemeanor for the first offense, a Class 4 felony for subsequent violations.
A minor who buys a lottery ticket is guilty of a petty offense.
Parimutuel betting: Minors go here as those under 17 are forbidden from being admitted as a patron during a racing program unless accompanied by a parent or guardian.
Exceptions are made for employees, licensees, owners, trainers, jockeys, or drivers.
Casinos and slots: The state has both riverboat and charity casinos.
The state Riverboat Gambling Act prohibits any person under 21 from even being permitted on an area of a riverboat where gambling is being conducted.
A riverboat casino operator was fined and a guard fired for allowing a mother with her infant in a baby carriage onboard.
It is a Class B misdemeanor to permit "a person under 21 years to make a wager.
An exception is made for employees, but workers must be at least 21 to perform any function involved in gambling.
Illinois charitable casinos do a multimillion dollar business.
Unlike for-profit riverboat casinos, charity casinos are open to anyone over 18.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Minimum age for bingo and pull-tabs is 18.
In fact, persons under 18 may not be in the area where bingo is being played unless accompanied by a parent or guardian.
INDIANA Lottery: Minimum age is 18.
Prizes may not be paid to anyone under 18, unless the ticket was received as a gift.
Indiana Code ยงยง4-30-9-3, 4-30-11-3, 4-30-12-1, and 4-30-13-1.
Parimutuel betting: Minimum age to bet seems to be always 18, although the law sets slightly different ages for being present at tracks and OTB outlets.
Minimum age to work at a racetrack is 16, but the racing commission can license even younger children who are working for their parent or legal guardian.
Casinos: Indiana has riverboat gambling; the current controversy is whether the boats actually have to sail.
Anyone under 21 is prohibited from being in the area of a riverboat where gambling is being conducted; although, the minimum age for an occupational license is 18.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Players must be 18 or older.
IOWA Iowa may have more forms of legal gambling than any state, other than Nevada -- everything from bingo and amusement games to casinos and sports pools.
Most are low-stakes and limited to players over 21; but not all.
Lottery: Iowa raised the minimum age from 18 to 21 in 1994.
Present law prohibits the sale of a lottery ticket to persons under the age of 21, but allows adults to buy tickets for them as gifts.
As for the minor: "A prize won by a person who has not reached the age of twenty-one but who purchases a winning ticket or share in violation of this subsection shall be forfeited.
Parimutuel betting: Iowa raised the minimum age here as well, from 18 to 21, in 1994.
Permitting a person under 21 to make a parimutuel wager is a simple misdemeanor.
Casinos: In 1989 riverboat casinos became the first area where Iowa raised the minimum gambling age from 18 to 21.
It is against the law for a licensee to knowingly allow a minor to participate in gambling, or even to be in the area of the excursion boat where gambling is being conducted, unless the minor is an employee 18 years or older.
Indian tribes assert they are not bound by this state law and one lowered the minimum age to 18 in 1999.
The minimum age for low stakes social gambling, including card games and sports pools, was raised from 18 to 21 in 1994.
Bingo: Iowa makes some specific exemptions to its general prohibition on gambling by anyone under 21.
Charitable gambling, bingo and raffles, has no age limits.
The Iowa State Lottery, but not charities, can sell pull-tabs; legal age is 21.
KANSAS The general law of Kansas defines a minor as "a person under 21 years of age," yet the lower age of 18 is used for both legal and illegal gambling statutes.
Kansas Statutes ยง41-2601 l and m.
Lottery: Kansas goes further than most states in preventing children from participating in the State Lottery.
Besides the usual restriction that licensees must be at least 18, the state legislature has prohibited the Kansas lottery from "recruiting for employment or as a volunteer any person under 18 years of age for the purpose of appearing, being heard or being quoted in any advertising or promotion of any lottery in any electronic or print media.
Parimutuel betting: The legislature put the same ban on the Kansas racing commission, prohibiting the use of children in commercials.
It is a crime to sell a parimutuel ticket to a person knowing such person to be under 18 years of age.
Those under 18 are also specifically barred from buying tickets.
Kansas Statutes ยงยง74-8810 and 74-8839.
Casinos: The state is in the middle of a protracted fight over Indian casinos.
Although the State Legislature created a detailed system for negotiating compacts, Kansas Statutes ยงยง46-2301 et.
Bingo and pull-tabs: The minimum age limit of 18 is required to participate in the management, operation or conduct of any game of bingo.
This would appear to put the minimum age at 18 to work in a bingo hall, but no age limit is placed on patrons.
KENTUCKY Lottery: It is a violation to knowingly sell a lottery ticket to someone under 18 and a misdemeanor to do it a second time.
This would not prohibit adults from buying lottery tickets for minors.
Kentucky Revised Statute ยง154A.
Parimutuel betting: Although Kentucky statutes dealing with age limits do not expressly mention parimutuel wagers, the state places an age restriction of 18 on all similar activities except drinking ; therefore, it is safe to assume that it is illegal for anyone under 18 to bet at racetracks.
Association of Racing Commissioners International, Inc.
Bingo: Kentucky has a "Charitable Gaming" Act, which controls bingo games.
The age limit is 18.
A charitable organization may permit persons under 18 to play bingo if they are accompanied by a parent or legal guardian and if only non-cash prizes are awarded.
Kentucky Revised Statute ยง238.
LOUISIANA The latest state to raise the minimum age for some forms of gambling.
A 19-year-old and the owner of a bar with video poker machines filed suit in January 1999, claiming the new law violates the state constitution.
The argument had some merit, because 18-year-olds are legally adults in Louisiana, and the state has the strongest provision found in any state constitution against age discrimination.
But, on January 29, 2001, a majority of the Supreme Court of Louisiana held it was not unconstitutional to prohibit 18- 19- and 20-year-old adults from participating is some forms of legal gambling.
The Court looked to its precedent from five years earlier, where it upheld raising the drinking age from 18 to 21 to protect both the young adults and society.
State, 2001 WL 69504 Case No.
Louisiana has everything except sports betting: Riverboat casinos, two Indian casinos, America's first urban land-based casino in New Orleans, video poker machines in many parishes, with large numbers at truckstops and racetracks, electronic bingo machines, parimutuel betting and a State Lottery.
Louisiana Revised Statutes ยงยง47:9025 and 47:9070.
Parimutuel betting: The State Legislature told the State Racing Commission to adopt rules and regulations to exclude and eject "persons ยผ who are not of age.
Anyone six or above may, with the permission of the racing association, be allowed to attend any race meeting if accompanied by a parent, grandparent, or legal guardian, but minors are never allowed to engage in wagering.
Applicants for licensure as a jockey, etc.
Because "minor" is defined as anyone under 18, that is the minimum age for parimutuel betting.
In all cases, underage patrons cannot collect; winnings are paid to the state.
Punishments vary; the video poker law adds an additional penalty if the patron is under 15; but, the most dramatic differences are the ability of an operator to raise a "good faith" "I thought he was over 21" defense.
The riverboat law, id.
In any prosecution or other proceeding for the violation of any of the provisions of this Section, it shall be no defense that the licensee, employee, or other person believed the person to be twenty-one years old or over.
The law for the land-based casino, id.
In any prosecution or other proceeding for the violation of any of the provisions of this Section, it shall be a defense that the casino operator, employee, dealer, or other person had a reasonable factual basis to believe and in good faith believed the person was twenty-one years old or over.
The video poker law, id.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Louisiana has an 18 year age limit on bingo, but not on charity raffles: "No licensee shall allow any person under eighteen years of age to assist in the holding, operation, or conduct of any game of chance.
MAINE Lottery: Maine has one of the weakest regulatory schemes for its State Lottery.
Tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18, but may be bought by adults as gifts for minors.
The minor who buys illegally is subject to just click for source punishment.
In addition, there is no penalty for unintentionally selling to a minor.
Maine Revised Statutes tit.
Parimutuel betting: Off-track betting facilities are open to children under age 16 when accompanied by a parent, legal age of gambling in minnesota guardian, or custodian.
A person under the age of 18 is not only prohibited from participating in a parimutuel pool, but may not come within 15 feet of a betting window or other place for accepting wagers.
Bingo and pull-tabs: No one under the age of 16 years is permitted to take part in the conduct of, nor participate in, the game of beano or bingo, nor shall such minor be admitted to the playing area unless accompanied by parent, guardian or other responsible person.
Casinos: Charities can operate low limit "games of chance" limited dice and card games, including blackjack and up to five "electronic video machine," but not roulette or slot machines.
Players and employees are limited to persons 16 and over; although minors under 16 years may sell chances "in relation to charitable, religious or recognized youth associations.
Lottery: The state follows most other states with state lotteries, in requiring that no ticket be sold to a person the seller knows is under 18, while allowing adults to buy tickets for minors as gifts.
Lottery sellers must be at least 21.
Maryland State Government Codes ยงยง9-112 and 9-124.
Parimutuel betting: Minimum age of 18 posted at tracks.
Casinos and slot machines: Charities used to be able to operate slot machines in some counties.
Now they are limited to a few dice games and card games, including blackjack.
The age limit is 21.
Maryland Statutes, Code of 1957, art.
Maryland Criminal Law Code art.
Lottery sellers must be at least 21.
Massachusetts General Laws ch.
Parimutuel betting: Massachusetts does not even allow minors those under age 18 to attend its horse and dog races, let alone make bets.
But the penalties are very small.
Bingo and pull-tabs: In Massachusetts, bingo is called beano.
State law requires "that no person under 18 years of age shall be permitted in that portion of any building or premises of the licensee during such time as such game is being played.
Casinos and slots: Political negotiations are continuing to allow an Indian tribe to own a casino, with a minimum gambling age of 21, and for horse and dog tracks would get slots; but, so far the Legislature has not passed the necessary legislation.
MICHIGAN Lottery: It is a misdemeanor to knowingly sell, or offer to sell, a lottery ticket to anyone under 18.
Although tickets may not be sold to minors, an adult may buy one as a gift for someone under 18.
State law also requires a person to be at least 18 in order to acquire a lottery resale license.
Michigan Compiled Laws ยงยง432.
House Bill 5819 was introduced in Michigan on May 23, 2000, to raise the minimum age to 21 to purchase or receive a lottery ticket.
Parimutuel betting: "A holder of a race meeting license shall not knowingly permit a person less than 18 years of age to be a patron of the parimutuel wagering conducted or supervised by the holder.
A bill is pending to raise the age here as well.
Casinos and slot machines: Commercial casinos in Detroit appear to have a minimum gaming age of 21.
High-stakes tribal Indian casinos throughout the state appear to be mostly 18, but not necessarily because 18-21 year olds are a large market.
For example, in July, 2000, the Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians lowered the gambling age from 21 to 18, as it was allowed to do under its tribal-state compact, at the request of parents who wanted their young adult children to be able to attend concerts in the casino.
The biggest problem now is keeping those under 21 from drinking.
Charities are also allowed to run "millionaire parties," i.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Charity game tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18.
However, like lottery tickets, adults may buy charity pull-tabs for minors as gifts.
MINNESOTA Minnesota almost joined Arizona as only the second state to have a comprehensive plan for dealing with the minimum age for gambling, but the effort failed.
The compacts allow tribes to put the minimum age at 18.
The State Legislature passed a statute mandating that Indian casinos be restricted to adults 21 and over and added that the minimum age for all other forms of legal gambling in the state also be raised from 18 to 21 if more than half the tribes agreed to that limit.
The tribes, however, took this as a trick to get them to reopen compact negotiations on other matters and rejected the move to 21.
Lottery: Minnesota is unusual in setting up a complex system for dealing with underage lottery players, including prohibiting minors from receiving prizes.
This would seem to preclude gifts by adults.
A person under the age of 18 years may not buy nor redeem for a prize a ticket in the State Lottery.
A lottery retailer may not sell and a lottery retailer or other person may not furnish or click for a prize a ticket in the State Lottery to any person under the age of 18 years.
Parimutuel betting: The age restrictions are identical to the State Lottery.
Casinos: More legal full-scale Indian casinos than Atlantic City, with minimum age limits currently at 18.
Bingo and pull-tabs: No one under 18 may buy a pull-tab, tipboard ticket, paddlewheel ticket, or raffle ticket, or is gambling in mexico chance to participate in a bingo game other than a bingo game exempt or excluded from licensing; violation is a misdemeanor.
A licensed organization or employee who allows a person under age 18 to participate in lawful gambling is guilty of a misdemeanor.
MISSISSIPPI Mississippi is one of gambling eu toughest states on both casinos and minors who violate the law: The underage gambler may not keep the winnings, and the casino may not use the excuse that it thought the minor was over 21.
Casinos: Still no state lottery; but Mississippi is the third largest commercial casino state, after Nevada and New Jersey, with true riverboat casinos as well as dockside casinos that are technically over water but cannot move.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Charity bingo operators are given the unusual for authoritative excel gambling simulation agree option of excluding anyone under 18, merely by posting a written notice.
The state charitable bingo law provides that no licensee shall allow anyone under 18 to play a bingo game unless accompanied by his or her parent or legal guardian.
The state allows video pull-tab and video bingo machines.
MISSOURI Lottery: Tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18; however, gifts by adults to minors are permitted.
No one under 21 may be licensed as a lottery game retailer.
Missouri Revised Statutes ยงยง313.
Parimutuel betting: A strangely worded statute prohibits minors from " knowingly making or attempting to make any wager on any horse race.
The other possible interpretation, that the minor know that the wager was illegal, is almost never accepted by courts, due to the maxim that ignorance of the law is no excuse.
Racetrack licensees may not knowingly permit anyone under 18, unless accompanied by a parent or guardian, into any parimutuel wagering area.
Licensees are also prohibited from knowingly permitting any individual under 18 to place a wager.
The other provisions of the Excursion Gambling Boat Statute are typical: A person under twenty-one years of age shall not link a wager on an excursion gambling boat and shall not be allowed in the area of the excursion boat where gambling is being conducted; provided that employees of the licensed operator of the excursion gambling boat who have attained eighteen years of age shall be permitted in the area in which gambling is being conducted when performing employment-related duties, except that no one under twenty-one years of age may be employed as a dealer or accept a wager on an excursion gambling boat.
It is a misdemeanor to permit a person under 21 to make a wager.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Children as young as 16 may play or participate in the conducting of bingo, and even those under 16 may attend when accompanied by a parent or guardian, although a child under 16 is not supposed to be allowed to play for money: "No person under the age of sixteen years may play or participate in the conducting of bingo.
Any link under the age of gambling football years may be within the area where bingo is being played only when accompanied by his parent or guardian.
MONTANA The state has legalized video poker and keno machines.
Montana also has card clubs and allows calcutta betting on sports events.
Indian tribes https://chicago-lawyer.info/gambling/gambling-picks-forum.html operating casinos.
The State Legislature has imposed a blanket minimum age of 18 for anyone involved with gambling, Montana Code ยง23-5-158, with one exception: children may buy and sell raffle tickets.
Lottery: Tickets may not be sold to or by anyone under 18.
Montana Code ยงยง23-7-110 and 23-7-301.
Parimutuel betting: Licensees may not permitting a minor to use the parimutuel system.
Casinos and slots: An operator shall not purposely or knowingly allow a person under 18 years of age to participate in a gambling activity.
This allows an operator to claim it did not know that patron was underage.
It is difficult to imagine how a minor could prove he or she placed a wager not on purpose or unknowingly.
The Video Gaming Machine Control Law requires operators to place gaming devices in such a way as to prevent access by persons under 18.
Charity bingo and pull-tabs: Montana allows commercial bingo, making it tough for a charity game to survive.
The statewide minimum of 18 applies, although the only specific statute is one defining a "bingo caller" as a person 18 years of age or older.
Pull-tabs are prohibited by statute.
The state explicitly allow minors to sell and buy raffle tickets for charitable purposes.
The State Legislature apparently faced problems with Little Leaguers selling raffle tickets to their friends, so it just made the whole thing legal.
Raffles are also the only form of gambling in the state where players can use a check rather than cash.
See also Department of Justice, Gambling Control Division: www.
NEBRASKA Nebraska has a state problem gambling rene angelil, but also allows cities and counties to run local government lotteries.
It is also unique in allowing privately owned for-profit keno games.
The lottery law contains a strange age distinction.
Lottery: Villages, cities, and counties can operate lotteries in Nebraska; the minimum age to buy a ticket is 19.
However, for charity lotteries and raffles, the minimum age to buy a ticket is 18.
Compare Nebraska Revised Statutes ยงยง9-646, 9-810 and 9-814 with ยงยง9-345, 9-430, and 9-426.
It is a minor misdemeanor for anyone under 19 to knowingly buy a governmental lottery ticket and a more serious misdemeanor to knowingly sell one.
The addition of the word "knowingly" for the buyer makes little sense, unless it is to cover the rare case of someone over 18 but under 19, who buys a local government lottery ticket thinking he or she was buying a charity lottery tickets.
While most states either allow adults to buy lottery tickets as gifts or are silent on the issue, Nebraska explicitly prohibits anyone from buying a ticket for the benefit of a person under 19.
Parimutuel betting: Knowingly aiding or abetting any minor to make a parimutuel wager is a misdemeanor.
Bingo and pull-tabs: The minimum age is 18; lotteries are allowed to sell "pickle cards," i.
The state also allows keno, which has become a big business.
NEVADA Lottery: The Nevada Constitution still prohibits all lotteries except charity raffles.
The enabling statute does not mention a minimum age for buying a raffle ticket.
The age limit of 21 for casinos probably applies.
Parimutuel betting: Almost complete prohibition for everyone under 21.
Notice the statutory prohibition on "loitering" or allowing minors to pass through casinos.
A person under the age of 21 years shall not: Play, be allowed to play, place wagers at, or collect winnings from, whether personally or through an agent, any gambling game, slot machine, race book, sports pool or parimutuel operator.
Loiter, or be permitted to loiter, in or about any room or premises wherein any licensed game, race book, sports pool or parimutuel wagering is operated or conducted.
Be employed as a gaming employee except in a counting room.
Any licensee, employee, dealer or other person who violates or permits the violation of any of the provisions of this section and any person, under 21 years of age, who violates any of the provisions of this section is guilty of a misdemeanor.
Nevada Revised Statute ยง463.
Casinos: See Parimutuel betting, above.
There are many additional specific restrictions, all set at age 21.
Nevada Revised Statute ยง129.
New Hampshire Revised Statute ยง287-F:8.
Parimutuel betting: Limited to bettors 21 and over.
Bingo and pull-tabs: State law prohibits anyone under 18 to be admitted to or play bingo games.
NEW JERSEY Mostly as the result of historic accidents, New Jersey has chosen a different standard for each type of gambling permitted by law: for parimutuel wagering the excluded class is "minors;" for bingo it is anyone under age 18, with no exceptions; for the State Lottery it is also anyone under 18 years of age, but tickets may be received by children as gifts; for casinos the barrier is set at the drinking age 21.
Lottery: Tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18; gifts by adults are allowed.
Minimum age for lottery agents is 21.
New Jersey Revised Statutes ยงยง5:9-15 and 5:9-7.
Parimutuel betting: Strict restrictions on minors, which is currently legally defined as age18.
Casinos: Atlantic City casinos must exclude anyone not old enough to drink alcoholic beverages, currently 21.
The state allows a casino to claim it did not know the minor was under 21 only when the casino is charged with a criminal offense.
Strict liability is imposed for all non-criminal procedures, including administrative fines.
Bingo: Prohibited to anyone under 18.
NEW MEXICO The governor signed compacts to allow tribes in the state to operate full casinos, but the State Supreme Court ruled them all unconstitutional.
The Legislature solved the problem, in part, by approving a model compact, with a high tax rate.
The legislation was probably illegal, because federal law prohibits the states from demanding tax revenue from tribes during compact negotiations.
The Governor, Legislature and tribes are working out the problem, by negotiating a lower rate.
As part of the legislative deal-making, the Legislature and Governor agreed to let racetracks and fraternal organizations also have slot machines.
The state is unique in allowing betting on bicycle races.
Lottery: Tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18, but gifts by adults are permitted.
Lottery retailers must be at least 18.
New Mexico Statutes ยงยง6-24-14, 6-24-15, and 6-24-32.
Parimutuel betting: Betting on bicycle races is limited to age 21.
The diablo spreadsheet 2 4 statutes do not give a minimum age for placing a bet.
Casinos: Although the original compacts, signed in February 1995, contained no minimum gaming age, tribes that have agree to the current compacts prohibit patrons under 21.
Political pressure from non-Indians forced the Legislature to include a requirement that tribal gaming agencies, which regulate tribal casinos, enact regulations "prohibiting participation in any Class III gaming by any person under the age of twenty-one 21.
Bingo and pull-tabs: The State Legislature has decreed that minors may not participate in "recreational bingo" offered by senior citizen groups; although, there is all? gambling odds super bowl you similar statutory age limit on any other form of bingo.
Compare New Mexico Statutes ยง30-19-7.
NEW YORK New York has signed a compact with the Oneida Tribe, resulting in an Indian casino which see more supposed to be without slot machines.
Turning Stone was probably the most profitable table-games-only casino in the world; it now has installed hundreds of gaming devices.
New York was one of the first states to allow its off-track betting operators to take telephone wagers from gamblers in other states, in possible violation of federal law.
Lottery: Tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18; however, adults may buy tickets for the purpose of making a gift to a minor.
The New York courts upheld the right of underage recipients to collect if their ticket wins.
New York Tax Law gambling sites on ipad, Pando v.
Parimutuel betting: Tracks and off-track betting operations are required to prevent betting https://chicago-lawyer.info/gambling/alberta-gambling-help.html anyone who is actually and apparently under 18 years of age.
This gives racing operators the excuse that the minor looked to be over 18.
New York Racing and Parimutuel Law ยง104.
Casinos: New York has signed compacts with at least one tribe and allows charities to run casino nights.
Bingo and pull-tabs: New York General Municipal Law ยง486 prevents anyone under 18 from participating in as well as conducting bingo games.
NORTH CAROLINA Lottery: "No ticket or share shall be given as a gift or otherwise to any person under the age of eighteen galveston gambling cruise />Any person who knowingly gives a lottery ticket or share to any legal age of gambling in minnesota under the age of eighteen years is guilty of a Class 3 misdemeanor.
Casinos: In late 1999, the State and Cherokee Tribe renegotiated their 1994 compact.
Beginning January 1, 2001, the minimum age is raised from 18 to 21.
The new compact will also allow the Tribe to enlarge its video gaming casino and raise the limit on its jackpots.
Bingo: State bingo statutes do not specify a minimum age for players.
NORTH DAKOTA Lottery: North Dakota is one of only three states this century where voters refused to authorize a state lottery, in part because the state already has so many other forms of gambling, including charity casinos.
Parimutuel betting: North Dakota allows a primitive form of parimutuel betting, called Calcutta pools, on all sporting events other than high school contests-age limit 18.
North Dakota Century Code ยง53-06.
North Dakota is apparently the only state to put a higher limit on parimutuel wagering at OTBs than at the track.
Association of Racing Commissioners International, Inc.
Casinos: North Dakota Century Code ยง53-06.
Tribes operate full-scale casinos under compacts.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Although pull-tabs are restricted to players over 21, bingo is limited to players over 18 unless accompanied by an adult.
OHIO Lottery: Ohio Revised Code ยง3770.
This provision shall not apply to state, county or independent fairs.
No person under the age of eighteen years shall be permitted to wager at any horseracing meeting.
Ohio Administrative Code ยงยง3769-4-07, 3769-14-06.
Bingo: A wonderful minimum age: Participants and operators in bingo games conducted by multipurpose senior centers must be at least 60 years old.
Employees at other bingo halls must be over 18.
Ohio Revised Codes ยงยง173.
OKLAHOMA Lottery: A proposal for a state lottery failed at the polls.
Parimutuel betting: Oklahoma Statute tit.
Casinos: The state is in a heated dispute with tribes over their right to operate casinos.
Bingo: The state has no mention of bingo in its statutes.
OREGON The State Lottery operates video poker machines and takes bets on sports events.
Tribes in the state are operating full-scale casinos pursuant to compacts.
Lottery: The state has a strict scheme for dealing with minors.
Lottery tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18.
If someone under 18 wins the lottery, they may not be paid the prize.
This effectively eliminates adults buying tickets as gifts.
Oregon Revised Statutes ยงยง461.
Parimutuel betting: If a track has a reasonable doubt that a patron is over 18, it must require the bettor to make a written statement of age and furnish evidence of his true age and identity.
It further prohibits any person under 12 from entering after 6 P.
This statute also prohibits any person under 18 from loitering in the wagering area of a racecourse.
Casinos and slots: Video poker is limited to age 21 and older because the devices are limited to establishments with liquor licenses.
However, the first tribal-state casino compact put the minimum age at 18 for video poker machines; all later compacts put the age at 21.
Compacts were also signed putting the minimum age at 18 for bingo and blackjack.
So the present situation allows one Indian casino to let 18-year-olds gamble at all of its games; the other tribal casinos must restrict machine gambling to age 21, but may allow 18-year-olds to play every other game.
The compacts for blackjack are only temporary, and the state will insist that the age for legal age of gambling in minnesota game be raised to 21.
Besides the Indian casinos, the state operates cardrooms for poker and blackjack under a vaguely worded statute allowing "contests of chance.
PENNSYLVANIA Lottery: Lottery tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18, but adults may give tickets as gifts to minors.
Lottery agents must be over 21.
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes tit.
Parimutuel betting: The same restriction age 18 minimum phrased in two different ways.
For on-track wagers: "No licensed corporation shall permit any person who is actually and apparently under 18 years of age to wager at a race meeting conducted by it.
For off-track betting: "No licensed corporation may permit a person who is 17 years of age or younger to wager at a nonprimary location.
Similarly worded restrictions are placed on the rights of 17- and 18-year-olds to be attend the locations.
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statute tit.
Bingo: Persons under 18 are not permitted to play bingo unless accompanied by an adult.
PUERTO RICO Puerto Rico allows betting on cockfights and various other forms of gambling, including full-scale casinos.
Until recently, casino slot machines were owned and operated by the Commonwealth government itself.
Lottery: Sales are prohibited to persons under 18.
Puerto Rico Laws tit.
Parimutuel betting: No age limit is mentioned in the statute.
Association of Racing Commissioners International, Inc.
Casinos: "No gambling room shall be permitted to advertise or otherwise offer their facilities to the public of Puerto Rico; or to admit persons under 18 years of age.
Despite the obvious infringement on free speech, this statute was declared constitutional by the United States Supreme Court in Posadas de Puerto Rico Assoc.
United States, 527 U.
Bingo: Puerto Rico Law tit.
RHODE ISLAND The Rhode Island State Lottery operates video lottery terminals at racetracks.
Lottery: "No person under the age of eighteen 18 years may play a video lottery game authorized by this chapter, nor shall any licensed video lottery retailer knowingly permit a minor to play a video lottery machine or knowingly pay a minor with respect to a video lottery credit slip.
Lottery agents must be over 21.
General Laws of Rhode Island ยงยง42-61.
Parimutuel betting: Licensees may not admit anyone under 18 into a building where parimutuel betting or simulcasting is taking place, nor may they knowingly permit any minor to be a patron of the parimutuel system or any other betting system.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Anyone under 18 is not permitted to play.
The Act makes it a misdemeanor to knowingly sell a ticket to a person under 18.
Minors may receive tickets as gifts; but minor who purchase tickets are committing misdemeanors and will not be paid if they win.
Casinos and slot machines: Until the middle of the year 2000, South Carolina had tens of thousands of video gaming machines, with a minimum age limit of 21.
The state legalized and then prohibited video gaming machines, with offbeat restrictions, through a series of strange statutes and court decisions.
In July 1999 the State Legislature passed Act No.
Joytime Distributors and Amusement Co.
State, 1999 WL 969280.
But the Court found that part of the same bill passed by the Legislature was valid, the part that said the gaming devices could not continue without a vote of the people which, of course, the Court would not allow.
So slot machines are out, for the moment.
Bingo: It appears that all South Carolina bingo legislation was repealed.
SOUTH DAKOTA South Dakota was one of the first states to allow its State Lottery to set up video lottery terminals, slot machines without coin drops.
The state also allows full-scale, low-stake casinos in Deadwood and on Indian land.
Lottery: Lottery tickets may not be sold to anyone under 18.
However, to play a video lottery terminal, a gambler must be at least 21.
South Dakota Codified Laws ยงยง42-7A-13, 42-7A-32, 42-7A-44 and 42-7A-48.
Parimutuel betting: South Dakota Codified Laws ยง42-7-76 prohibits a racetrack licensee from permitting any individual under the age of 18 to place a bet on a race.
Casinos and slots: Participation in casino games is limited to gamblers 21 and older.
VLTs are limited to patrons over 21.
Bingo: Charity bingo is legal; but, there is no mention in the statutes of an age limit.
TENNESSEE Parimutuel betting: Tennessee legalized parimutuel wagering on horse races.
However, the statute had a sunset provision, causing it to expire by its own terms when no track was opened in time.
If betting on races would have remained legal, the age limit would have been 18.
Tennessee Code ยง4-36-310 states in its entirety: "No person under eighteen 18 years of age shall be permitted to wager at any race meeting.
Lottery: a A sales agent or an employee of a sales agent commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly sells or offers to sell a ticket to an individual that the person knows is younger than 18 years of age.
Texas Government Code ยง466.
Parimutuel betting: The Texas Legislature wanted to impose different minimum ages for betting as opposed to merely attending races.
Rather than merely stating what those ages are, the Legislature, probably for political reasons, decided to create two sets of underage individuals: Children and Minors.
The Texas Racing Act defines "Child" as "a person younger than 16 years of age," while "Minor means a person younger than 21 years of age.
The law cleanly lays out how the penalty increases for a willful violation of the law as opposed to a merely negligent act, and which party has the burden of proof : a A person commits an offense if the person with criminal negligence permits, facilitates, or allows: 1 wagering by a minor at a racetrack facility; or 2 entry by a child to the viewing section of a racetrack facility.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Individuals under 18 may not play bingo, unless accompanied "by his parent or guardian.
UTAH Utah, Tennessee and Hawaii are the only states prohibiting all forms of commercial gambling.
Utah does not even allow social bets.
VERMONT Lottery: Vermont limits its State Lottery to persons who have "attained the age of majority," currently 18.
However, minors may receive lottery tickets as gifts.
Parimutuel betting: Vermont Statutes tit.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Like the lottery, these games are limited to age of majority.
The statute focuses on workers rather than patrons: "A nonprofit organization shall not permit any person who has not attained the age of majority to organize or execute a game of chance.
A person who has not reached the age of majority may work performing services at a game of chance which are not related to the execution of the game of chance.
VIRGIN ISLANDS The Virgin Islands is the most recent American jurisdiction to legalize casinos.
Land-based casinos are limited to St.
Casinos onboard cruise ships may remain open, but only in St.
Thomas and only if the ship remains docked beyond 6 p.
Lottery: Virgin Islands Statutes, tit.
This does not prohibit gifts by adults to minors.
Casino: The "Virgin Islands Casino and Resort Control Act of 1995": "No person under the age of twenty-one 21 years of age shall be admitted into, nor be permitted to place any wager in any casino hotel licensed to operate in St.
VIRGINIA Lottery: Code of Virginia ยง58.
Any licensee who knowingly sells or offers to sell or redeem a lottery ticket or shares to or from any person under the age of 18 years is guilty click to see more a Class 1 misdemeanor.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Instant bingo is limited to players 18 and over.
The Charitable Gaming Commission has promulgated detailed regulations covering minors and bingo: Individuals under 18 years of age may play bingo provided such persons are accompanied by a parent or legal guardian.
It shall be the responsibility of the organization to ensure that such individuals are eligible to play.
An organization's house rules may limit the play of bingo continue reading minors.
Individuals under the age of 18 may sell raffle tickets for a qualified organization raising funds for activities in which they are active participants.
No individual under the age of 11 may participate in the management, operation or conduct of bingo games.
Individuals 11 through 17 years of age may participate in the conduct or operation of a bingo game provided the organization permitted for charitable gaming obtains and keeps on file written parental consent from the parent or legal guardian and verifies the date of birth of such youth.
An organization's house rules may limit the involvement of minors in the operation or conduct of bingo games.
WASHINGTON The state has entered into compacts allowing tribes to open casinos with gaming terminals that are technically video lottery terminals and electronic bingo games, but play like slot machines.
This does not prohibit gifts by adults to minors.
Casinos and slots: Besides Indian casinos, Washington allows cardrooms, where poker and casino-style banked blackjack are played.
Revised Code of Washington ยง9.
The regulation has the unique provision: "All bingo advertisements that are directed to minors shall include language indicating that all minors must be accompanied by a member of their immediate family or guardian, who is at least 18 years old.
Lottery: West Virginia Code ยง29-22-11 prohibits sales to anyone under the age of 18.
This does not prohibit gifts by adults to minors.
Association of Racing Commissioners International, Inc.
Bingo: Bingo operators are prohibited from allowing anyone under 18 to participate in the playing of any bingo game with knowledge or reason to believe that the individual is under the age of 18.
However, an individual 18 may attend the playing of a bingo game when accompanied by and under the supervision of an adult relative or a legal guardian.
West Virginia Code ยง47-20-4.
Casinos and slots: VLTs are at racetracks.
The West Virginia Racetrack Video Lottery Act, West Virginia Code ยงยง29-22A-1 et seq.
Because the Racetrack Video Lottery Act is silent as to an age limit for wagering, the minimum age of 18 set by the Lottery Act applies.
The Limited Gaming Facility Act, which would allow registered guests to gamble at casinos in "historic resort hotels" if county voters approve, sets the minimum age at 21.
Code section 29-25-1 et seq.
The only local election held so far, in Greenbrier County, failed in November, 2000.
WISCONSIN Lottery: Wisconsin has a comprehensive statutory scheme for handling minors and lottery tickets.
Like many other states, the minimum age is 18, although minors may receive tickets as gifts.
Parimutuel betting: Wisconsin Statute ยง444.
No one under 16 may work in any parimutuel wagering activity.
Casinos: The state entered into compacts allowing tribes to open full-scale, high-stake casinos -- with expirations dates beginning in 1998.
Two tribes renewed before the state made its demand, so their compacts have no minimum age for gambling, though the tribal casinos require players to be at least 21 anyway because they serve alcoholic beverages.
Bingo and pull-tabs: Persons under 18 may not play bingo unless accompanied by their parent, guardian, or spouse.
WYOMING The state allows limited sports betting.
Parimutuel betting: Wyoming Statute ยง11-25-109 states: "No person under the age of eighteen 18 years shall place or be allowed to place a bet.
The statutes do not set a minimum age, but the 18 year age limit for parimutuel betting probably applies.
ENDNOTE: The author would like to thank his research assistants, Adam Thomas, John Lewis, Kimberly Phillips, Ranjit Indran, Michael Shelton-Frates and James B.
Lewis, for their help with this project.
NELSON ROSE Professor I.
A 1979 graduate of Harvard Law School, he is a tenured full Professor at Whittier Law School in Costa Mesa, California, where he teaches one of the first law school classes on gaming law.
Professor Rose is the author of more than 300 books, articles, book chapters and columns.
He is best known for his internationally syndicated column, " Gambling and the Lawยฎ," and his landmark 1986 book by the same name.
His most recent book is a collection of columns and analysis, co-authored with Bob Loeb, on Blackjack and the Law.
A consultant to governments and industry, Professor Rose has testified as an expert witness and acted as an advisor to major law firms, international corporations, licensed casinos, players, Indian tribes, and local, state and national article source, including Arizona, California, Florida, New Jersey, Texas, and the federal governments of Canada and the United States.
With the rising interest in gambling throughout the world, Professor Rose has spoken before such diverse groups as the National Conference of State Legislatures, Congress of State Lotteries of Europe, United States Conference of Mayors, and the National Academy of Sciences.
He has presented scholarly papers on gambling in Nevada, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, England, Australia, Portugal, Argentina and the Czech Republic.
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